Put a large pot of water on to boil for the pasta. When it comes up to a boil, salt the water and drop the pasta. Cook to al dente.
In the meantime, place the chicken cutlets between 2 pieces of plastic wrap (wax paper or parchment paper works too). With the bottom of a skillet, gently pound the cutlets until they are pretty thin and even in thickness (this will help speed up the cooking process).
Remove the cutlets from the plastic wrap, season them with salt and pepper, and give them each a light dusting of flour on both sides. Heat a large non-stick skillet with 2 tablespoons EVOO, 2 turns of the pan, over medium to medium-high heat. Add the chicken to the pan and brown the cutlets lightly on both sides. Remove to a platter and cover with foil to hold in the heat. To the same skillet, add 2 tablespoons EVOO and 1 clove of garlic. Cook the garlic 1 minute or so, then remove and add the mushrooms. Let the mushrooms brown evenly, until tender, about 8-10 minutes.
While the mushrooms cook, start the gravy for the pasta. In a deep medium skillet, melt 2 tablespoons butter with 1 tablespoon of EVOO, once around the pan. Add remaining clove of crushed garlic and cook 1-2 minutes. Add the tomato paste and cook over medium-heat for 1-2 minutes, so it develops a rich tomato-y flavor.
Add rosemary, cook for 1 minute, then add the flour and whisk it into the tomato-butter. Cook flour for 1 minute, then whisk in the stock and Worcestershire sauce. Simmer to thicken, about 5 minutes. Season gravy with salt and pepper to your taste and remove the garlic clove, so you don't get a big mouth full of it!
To the cooked mushrooms, add capers, Marsala and let reduce for 1 minute or so. Add 2 tablespoons of butter in small bits to finish the sauce, shaking the pan to incorporate it. Slide the chicken back into the sauce and warm.
Drain the pasta and toss it with the gravy and a handful of cheese. Serve the pasta alongside Chicken Marvalasala, and scatter arugula across both the chicken and pasta to garnish.